Ocean Degradation Threatens Communities And Human Rights Globally, Warns UN Expert

Ocean degradation poses a significant threat to communities globally, impacting human rights, including the right to a healthy environment, according to a UN independent expert. "The protection of marine ecosystems is part of States’ obligations to protect human rights," stated Astrid Puentes Riaño, Special Rapporteur on the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment.

In her report to the Human Rights Council, Puentes Riaño highlighted that ocean degradation endangers humanity and worsens inequalities, disproportionately affecting marginalised groups. She emphasised the importance of understanding the interdependence between humans and ocean ecosystems, even for those living far from coastlines.

The ocean is Earth's largest biome, covering 70% of its surface. Approximately one-third of the global population, or 2.4 billion people, reside within 100 km of an ocean coast. Despite over 600 agreements in place, marine ecosystems face significant threats such as climate change, overfishing, extractivism, pollution, and deep-sea mining.

Poor governance and enforcement gaps exacerbate these issues. Indigenous Peoples, small-scale fishers, and coastal communities face disproportionate impacts. Additionally, violence against ocean defenders is rising while accountability remains insufficient.

Puentes Riaño urged for a holistic approach to ocean governance that integrates human rights and ecosystem-based strategies. She stressed the need for ancestral knowledge inclusion and considering both present and future generations' rights in addressing ocean challenges.

The report outlined recommendations for States, businesses, and international organisations. These include strengthening legal protections for marine biodiversity and coastal communities; implementing stricter regulations on overfishing, pollution, and offshore extractive industries; enforcing the precautionary principle; and recognising the role of ocean defenders and indigenous knowledge in marine governance.

Call for Immediate Action

"Without immediate action, we risk losing marine biodiversity," Puentes Riaño warned. This loss would impact millions who rely on oceans for their livelihoods and human rights. She called for international cooperation to ensure those most affected lead conservation efforts.

The report also recommends supporting developing countries in marine conservation efforts. "We need a clear understanding that ocean issues are human rights issues," Puentes Riaño said. Applying this understanding to all ocean-related efforts is crucial for effective solutions.

With inputs from WAM