Effective Preventive Measures Lead To Significant Reduction In Heat Stroke Cases During Hajj

A recent study by the Research & Innovation Centre at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) has demonstrated the effectiveness of preventive measures taken to protect pilgrims from health risks associated with high temperatures during Hajj. Despite an average temperature increase of 0.4 degrees Celsius per decade in Makkah, the study found a 74.6% decrease in heat stroke cases and a 47.6% decrease in mortality rates.

These positive outcomes are attributed to the implementation of preventive measures, which create a safe and healthy environment for pilgrims. The study, published in the Journal of Travel Medicine, examines four decades of meteorological data and records of heat-related illnesses during the Hajj season in Makkah, highlighting the relationship between rising temperatures and associated health risks.

Saudi Arabia has implemented several measures at individual, structural, and community levels to mitigate heat-related health risks for pilgrims during Hajj. These measures include using water mist sprays to cool the air in open spaces, providing water and umbrellas to pilgrims, and ensuring the availability of air-conditioned transport, including metro lines operational since 2010.

The Kingdom has also focused on increasing awareness among pilgrims and healthcare providers about heat-related illnesses. This includes ensuring access to free healthcare services during Hajj and improving the surveillance and management of cases. The Ministry of Health has set guidelines for managing heat-related diseases, outlining specific procedures before and after hospital admission.

These measures enable quick identification and treatment of heat-related cases during Hajj for better outcomes. Additionally, environmental engineering strategies and building design have been integrated to enhance natural ventilation, decrease heat retention at holy sites, increase shaded areas, and reduce overcrowding.

Global Implications

The results of the study extend beyond the local context and can be generalized to the global population. The Hajj serves as "a unique microcosm" for studying heat-related risks, as it is attended by millions of pilgrims from over 180 countries who perform rituals in a high-temperature desert environment. This aspect holds "immense scientific value" for planning and improving responses to rising global temperatures.

KFSH&RC's Achievements

KFSH&RC has been ranked first in the Middle East and Africa and 20th globally in the list of the world’s top 250 Academic Medical Centers for the second consecutive year. It has also been recognized as the most valuable healthcare brand in the Kingdom and the Middle East according to the 2024 Brand Finance rankings. Additionally, it was ranked among the world's best 250 hospitals by Newsweek magazine in the same year.

With inputs from SPA