National Effort Launched To Combat Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Threat In Red Sea

The National Center for Wildlife (NCW) has launched a detailed survey to collect crucial data on Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (COTS) populations in the Red Sea. This initiative aims to address outbreaks swiftly, protecting coral reefs and biodiversity. The NCW serves as the national authority for establishing wildlife protocols and standards, addressing threats to both terrestrial and marine life.

In December 2022, the NCW organised a workshop focused on tackling COTS outbreaks. The workshop aimed to develop a protocol for studying the current situation and identifying reasons behind the increase in COTS numbers beyond natural levels. Experts and consultants from around the world shared best practices for controlling damage caused by these organisms.

Crown-of-Thorns Starfish is a significant threat to coral reefs during outbreaks, particularly from late July to early August. These starfish feed on algae and bacteria that grow on coral reefs but can cause extensive damage when their population surges. Understanding their distribution, density, and reproductive behaviour during peak periods is essential for effective management.

The survey plan provides baseline data on COTS populations in key Red Sea areas. This data helps predict and manage outbreaks promptly, ensuring coral reef health and biodiversity are protected. The approach emphasises accuracy and practicality to ensure comprehensive and feasible surveys.

The NCW's protocol for controlling COTS spread is tailored to the organism's nature in the Red Sea environment. It allows for swift responses to limit its spread and protect coral reefs. Cooperation among marine biologists, local stakeholders, and divers is vital for conservation efforts in the region.

Causes of Outbreaks

One primary cause of COTS outbreaks is food chain imbalance due to overfishing of predators like the Napoleon fish or tarpon. These starfish typically reproduce when water temperatures reach 28 degrees Celsius, with their consumption of coral often exceeding reef growth rates during outbreaks.

The NCW's efforts include identifying operational procedures and establishing a response framework involving stakeholders. This initiative is part of NCW's broader role in setting wildlife protocols and addressing threats to ecosystems.

The Crown-of-Thorns Starfish belongs to the echinoderm phylum and inhabits tropical and subtropical Pacific reefs. During outbreaks, their feeding habits can significantly damage coral reefs, highlighting the importance of effective management strategies.

This comprehensive survey plan by NCW aims to safeguard biodiversity by promptly addressing COTS outbreaks in the Red Sea. By understanding the organism's behaviour and implementing effective protocols, NCW strives to protect coral reefs from potential degradation.

With inputs from SPA