First Comprehensive Description Of Neolithic Human Settlements In Saudi Arabia Unveiled

The Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) has unveiled a significant archaeological discovery. A team of archaeologists has provided the first comprehensive description of human settlements in northwest Saudi Arabia during the Neolithic period. This study, supervised by the RCU, reveals that the region's inhabitants were more stable and advanced than previously believed.

Evidence from the study indicates that people in the sixth and fifth millennium BC engaged in cattle herding, jewellery making, and trade. Their strategic location facilitated trade with neighbouring regions such as East Jordan and areas along the Red Sea. These findings were published in the scientific journal "Levant" by a research team led by archaeologist Jane McMahon from the University of Sydney.

The research team provided new insights into unique structures known as stone circles. These dwellings consisted of vertically erected stone slabs with diameters ranging from four to eight meters. The outer circumference had two rows of stone slabs, likely used as foundations for wooden columns, possibly made of Acacia, supporting the roof.

A central slab within these stone circles supported a main wooden column. Tools and animal remains found at these sites suggest that ceilings might have been made from animal skins. "The research tests hypotheses about how the first inhabitants of northwest Arabia lived," said Jane McMahon.

McMahon highlighted that these early inhabitants were not merely shepherds but had sophisticated architecture, domesticated animals, ornaments, decorations, and various tools. The number and size of stone circles suggest a larger population than previously estimated.

Interregional Connections

The study also uncovered arrowheads similar to those used in southern and eastern Jordan. This similarity indicates interaction and interdependence between these regions' inhabitants. Several experts contributed to this study, including a scientific team from King Saud University and local citizens of AlUla.

This research offers a deeper understanding of early human settlements in northwest Saudi Arabia. It highlights their advanced lifestyle and extensive trade networks during the Neolithic period.

With inputs from SPA