KAUST Study Reveals More Large Mammals Roamed Saudi Arabia Than Previously Recognised

A recent study by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) researchers has uncovered 15 large mammal species that lived on the Arabian Peninsula over the last 10,000 years. This number is three times more than previously known. Published in the Journal of Biogeography, this research provides the most extensive list of large mammals from this era, setting a foundation for rewilding initiatives in the region.

The study's findings are crucial for supporting the Saudi Green Initiative and the Middle East Green Initiative. These efforts aim to restore ecological balance and are backed by programs from the National Center for Wildlife (NCW) and the National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification. The research highlights which large mammals became extinct, aiding future reintroduction decisions.

Among the 15 identified species, many originated from Africa, such as lions and cheetahs. Notably, two species were recorded for the first time in the Arabian Peninsula: the greater kudu and the Somali wild donkey. These discoveries align with national efforts to restore ecological balance through reintroduction programs like those for the Arabian oryx and cheetah.

Christopher Clarke, a senior project manager at KAUST and contributor to the study, emphasized animals' role in vegetation communities. "Restoration is not just about plants, for animals play a key role in vegetation communities," Clarke stated. This insight helps governments determine which mammals to reintroduce in future conservation efforts.

The researchers examined thousands of petroglyphs—ancient rock carvings—gathered during field expeditions and shared on social media. This approach provided access to a vast collection of previously unknown petroglyphs, enriching scientific understanding of historical biodiversity in the region.

This comprehensive study serves as an essential scientific reference supporting regional conservation goals. By identifying extinct species, it guides strategic decisions on which mammals could be reintroduced to enhance biodiversity and ecological health across Saudi Arabia.

With inputs from SPA