KAUST Study Reveals More Large Mammals Roamed Arabian Peninsula Than Previously Recognised

Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have discovered 15 large mammal species that lived on the Arabian Peninsula over the last 10,000 years. This finding, published in the Journal of Biogeography, triples the number previously known. The study provides a comprehensive list of these mammals and supports rewilding efforts in the region.

The research is significant for initiatives like the Saudi Green Initiative and the Middle East Green Initiative. It also aids programs by the National Center for Wildlife (NCW) and the National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification. These efforts aim to restore ecological balance in Saudi Arabia.

Christopher Clarke, a senior project manager at KAUST and contributor to the study, highlighted the importance of animals in vegetation communities. He stated, "Restoration is not just about plants, for animals play a key role in vegetation communities. In highlighting which large mammals became extinct, we are providing information that will help governments decide which mammals to reintroduce in the future."

The study's findings align with national efforts to restore ecological balance. NCW has launched pioneering initiatives such as reintroduction programs for species like the Arabian oryx and cheetah. These programs aim to bring back species that once thrived in the region.

Researchers examined thousands of petroglyphs—ancient rock carvings—during field expeditions. They also used social media content to access previously unknown petroglyphs. This approach allowed them to identify two species never recorded before on the Arabian Peninsula: the greater kudu and the Somali wild donkey.

Most of these 15 mammal species originated from Africa, including lions and cheetahs. The study offers valuable insights into which species might be suitable for future reintroduction efforts, contributing to biodiversity restoration.

This research sets a benchmark for future studies on large mammals in this region. It provides essential data that can guide conservation strategies and support sustainable development goals across Saudi Arabia.

With inputs from SPA