Mleiha National Park Biodiversity Assessment Reveals Over 100 Species Of Flora And Fauna

Mleiha National Park, located in Sharjah's central region, is a hub for ecological and conservation activities. Spanning 34.2 square kilometres, it is managed by the Sharjah Investment and Development Authority (Shurooq). The park serves as a living desert museum, showcasing rare fossils, ancient artefacts, and diverse wildlife. These elements highlight its importance in Sharjah’s strategy for conservation and sustainable development.

The park's ecological assessment revealed over 100 distinct species within its protected landscape. This includes more than 20 bird species, over 10 reptile species, 11 mammal species, 39 insect and arachnid species, and more than 20 native plant species. Such diversity makes Mleiha one of the most ecologically rich areas on the Arabian Peninsula.

Mleiha's flora is vital to its ecosystem, featuring over 20 native plant species adapted to harsh desert conditions. Key plants like the Ghaf Tree (Prosopis cineraria) and Umbrella Thorn Acacia (Vachellia tortilis) play crucial roles in soil stabilisation and moisture retention. Other plants like Dune Grass help anchor sand dunes and provide fodder for herbivores.

The fauna includes over 11 mammal species such as the Arabian Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes arabica) and Sand Gazelle (Gazella marica), which are well-adapted to desert life. Among its reptiles are elusive creatures like the Sandfish Skink (Scincus mitranus) and Arabian Horned Viper (Cerastes gasperettii).

Bird enthusiasts can spot over 20 bird species throughout the year at Mleiha. Notable birds include Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata), Purple Sunbird (Cinnyris asiaticus), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), along with migratory birds that use the area as a seasonal stopover.

Invertebrates' Role in Ecosystem

The park hosts more than 39 insect and arachnid species that contribute significantly to pollination, soil health, and pest control. These invertebrates form essential parts of food chains within the park. Highlights include Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa pubescens), vital pollinators; Arabian Fat-Tailed Scorpions (Androctonus crassicauda), desert predators; and Blue Pansy Butterflies (Junonia orithya), which aid in seasonal pollination.

Visitors can explore this biodiversity through activities like nature trails, fossil walks, and wildlife observation programmes. These initiatives aim to raise environmental awareness while supporting UAE’s sustainability goals.

"What makes Mleiha exceptional is its ability to merge ecological significance with economic value," said Omar Jasim Al Ali, Manager of Mleiha and Strategic Projects. "The biodiversity of this landscape is a natural capital that drives tourism, supports conservation-linked livelihoods, and enhances Sharjah’s reputation as a regional leader in sustainable development."

Mleiha National Park remains open year-round for nature lovers, researchers, students, and travellers eager to explore the UAE’s inland desert biodiversity.

With inputs from WAM