Eastern Region Of Saudi Arabia: A Historical And Modern Hub For Gold And Jewelry Craftsmanship

Saudi Arabia's Eastern Region is renowned for its deep-rooted tradition in gold and jewellery craftsmanship, a legacy that has been nurtured by families in Al-Ahsa and Qatif. This craft has not only enriched the cultural identity of the region but also contributed significantly to its commercial vitality. Despite economic changes leading some artisans to explore other professions or shift towards gold trading and importation, a dedicated few have preserved and adapted their craft.

Mohammed Ali Al-Hamad, a former head of the Gold and Jewelry Committee at the Asharqia Chamber of Commerce and Industry, shared insights into this profession's historical development. He belongs to a family known for gold manufacturing and trading. Al-Hamad recounted his early experiences in the craft, which he learned from his father and grandfathers. He described traditional methods of shaping gold using basic tools to create unique jewellery pieces initially sold in small shops or by itinerant vendors.

Early goldsmiths were not only skilled artisans but also adept merchants who engaged directly with customers. They sold their creations and reworked precious metals brought in by patrons. Some travelled extensively to trade in used gold, silver, and gold embroidery of traditional cloaks (bisht), using manual scales before the gram system became widespread. Transactions often relied on trust, with gold frequently sold on credit or entrusted to the goldsmith for repair or modification.

Al-Hamad reminisced about accompanying his father as a child to purchase a 10-tola gold ingot (approximately 116 grams) for SAR600, a significant sum then. He outlined the traditional process of melting gold in a crucible over hot coals using leather bellows, followed by shaping it with a hammer and anvil. Artisans often crafted their own specialized tools and displayed finished pieces in a "matbakah," a traditional display box.

The Kingdom’s economic growth led many goldsmiths to transition into commercial ventures, establishing shops, workshops, and factories. Others sought opportunities in national companies or government positions. Al-Hamad emphasized that his generation bridged the era of pure handcrafting with the shift toward gold trading and specialized workshops.

The SPA also interviewed Jaafar bin Ahmed Al-Nasser, an electrical engineering graduate from the United States who chose to continue his family's legacy in goldsmithing. He established a modern factory equipped with advanced global technology. Al-Nasser noted that economic, cultural, and social factors have transformed the industry significantly due to increased exposure to international cultures.

Challenges Facing Modern Jewelers

This shift has fueled customer demand for unique designs, driving jewelers to innovate using advanced machinery imported globally. The rising cost of gold has directly impacted the industry, making larger pieces more expensive to produce. As a result, designers face challenges creating aesthetically appealing jewellery with minimal weight—a key objective for contemporary manufacturers.

A legal document over two centuries old detailing the sale of a gold sandal highlights the historical significance of this craft. The enduring legacy of Saudi Arabia's jewellery-making tradition continues to evolve while maintaining its rich heritage.

With inputs from SPA