EAD And ICBA Unveil Insights From UAE’s First Ghaf Tree Population Genomics Study

The Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD) and the International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA) have completed a groundbreaking study on the Ghaf tree's genetics. This research provides crucial insights into conserving this vital desert species and enhancing climate-resilient ecosystems in the UAE. The Ghaf tree, the national symbol of the UAE, plays a key role in stabilising dunes, enriching soil, and supporting biodiversity.

Despite its importance, little was known about the Ghaf tree's genetic diversity or evolutionary history until now. Specialists from EAD's Plant Genetic Resources Centre and ICBA conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of Ghaf populations across various UAE landscapes, including coastal plains, valleys, sand dunes, and mountain slopes. This study revealed four genetically distinct groups within the Ghaf population.

One group identified in the foothills of the Hajar Mountains and Jebel Hafeet National Park Reserve is genetically unique. This discovery suggests an evolutionarily distinct lineage compared to other samples. Such findings are invaluable for prioritising seed banking efforts and guiding restoration projects, including national Ghaf Tree planting initiatives.

The study's results also provide insights into environmental adaptation and stress response. These insights can guide assisted gene migration and climate-smart restoration efforts, particularly in areas affected by desertification or salinity. Digital tools developed during this project include an interactive genomic map illustrating genetic variations among Ghaf populations.

This map will assist EAD experts, conservationists, and decision-makers in planning long-term conservation strategies based on scientific evidence and accurate genetic data. Ahmed Hashmi, Executive Director of EAD's Terrestrial and Marine Biodiversity Sector, emphasised the significance of this collaboration with ICBA: "The Ghaf tree is a powerful symbol of our natural heritage and an enduring emblem of life in the desert."

Dr. Tarifa Alzaabi, Director-General of ICBA, highlighted the ecological and cultural importance of the Ghaf tree: "The Ghaf tree carries profound ecological and cultural significance in the region." She noted that decoding its genetic blueprint equips policymakers with essential knowledge for preservation efforts.

Future Implications

This research not only marks a milestone for desert ecology in the Arabian Peninsula but also sets a precedent for integrating genomic science into national conservation planning. The publication of these findings aims to expand scientific foundations for biodiversity stewardship in arid regions.

EAD and ICBA are eager to share these insights as they continue to enhance biodiversity stewardship in arid regions. By advancing genomic tools for conservation strategies in arid environments, this study strengthens long-term climate resilience efforts.

With inputs from WAM